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随着电化学储能技术对高安全性和高能量密度的需求不断提升，固态聚合物电解质(SPE)凭借在抑制液态电解质泄漏和枝晶生长方面的独特优势，正成为下一代储能体系的重要发展方向。天然高分子因其独特的分子构型、丰富的活性官能团及可再生、环境友好等特性，在构筑绿色高性能SPE中展现出重要应用潜力。文章梳理了近年来天然高分子在SPE中的研究进展，从分子结构与官能团特性出发，阐述其在提升力学强度、促进离子传输及调控界面行为等方面的关键作用机理；进一步总结了接枝改性、交联网构建、无机填料复合等多尺度结构优化策略，并分析了其在提高离子电导率、机械稳固性及热稳定性等性能指标中所面临的科学问题；最后，结合研究现状，分析其在电化学储能器件中的应用潜力与面临的挑战，为开发高性能、绿色低成本的固态聚合物电解质提供了研究思路与设计策略。
Abstract：With the increasing demand for high safety and high energy density in electrochemical energy storage, solid-state polymer electrolytes(SPEs) have emerged as a promising direction due to their ability to effectively mitigate safety risks associated with liquid electrolyte leakage and dendrite formation. Natural polymers, featuring unique molecular structures and abundant functional groups, as well as renewable and environmentally friendly characteristics, represent ideal candidates for constructing green SPEs. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in the development of natural polymer-based SPEs, highlighting the critical mechanisms by which their molecular structures and functional groups enhance mechanical properties and optimize electrochemical performance. The review further outlines multidimensional structural design principles, including graft modification, cross-linked network construction, and inorganic filler incorporation, and discusses key scientific issues related to improving ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. Finally, by analyzing the current state of research, the review evaluates the potential applications and challenges of natural polymer-based SPEs in electrochemical energy storage devices, providing strategies and insights for the development of high-performance, green, and cost-effective solid-state polymer electrolytes.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16026/j.cnki.iea.2026020083
中图分类号:TM912;O646
引用信息:
[1]吴文静,曹巧英,胡航,等.天然高分子基固态电解质的研究进展[J].离子交换与吸附,2026,42(02):83-103.DOI:10.16026/j.cnki.iea.2026020083.
基金信息:
广东省自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目（项目号2024B1515020017）; 国家自然科学基金面上项目（项目号52373074）; 国家留学基金（项目号202408440282）
2026-04-20
2026-04-20