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酶是一种大分子生物催化剂，其最大的特点是具有催化特异性，可选择性催化特定的底物发生化学反应，并极大提高反应速率。然而，酶的高级结构主要由一系列分子间弱相互作用维持，包括静电相互作用、氢键、疏水作用和范德华力等，这些弱相互作用容易受到温度、pH值等条件的影响，从而破坏酶的高级结构，导致酶的活性下降或丧失。聚合物纳米凝胶具有多孔网络结构，其比表面积大，粒径和孔道尺寸可调，内部网络亲水，作为优异的载体材料已被广泛用于药物递送和催化剂负载等领域。近年来，纳米凝胶被用于固定化酶的研究并显示出良好的应用前景。文章简要介绍了固定化酶的常用材料及方法，重点综述了纳米凝胶在固定化酶方面的最新研究进展和应用成果。
Abstract：Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts, characterized by their catalytic specificity, which allows them to selectively catalyze chemical reactions of specific substrates and significantly enhance reaction rates. However, the advanced structure of enzymes is primarily maintained by a series of weak interactions, including electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces. These interactions are susceptible to environmental factors such as high temperature, acids, and bases, which can disrupt the enzyme's tertiary structure, leading to a decrease or loss of enzymatic activity. Polymer nanogels, with their porous network structure, large specific surface area, tunable particle size and pore dimensions, and hydrophilic internal networks, have been widely used as excellent carrier materials in drug delivery, catalyst loading, and other fields. In recent years, nanogels have also been applied in enzyme immobilization research, demonstrating promising application prospects. This paper briefly introduces common materials and methods for enzyme immobilization, with a focus on reviewing the latest research and application progress of nanogels in enzyme immobilization.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16026/j.cnki.iea.2026020104
中图分类号:TQ427.26;TB383.1;Q814.2
引用信息:
[1]孟佳慧,刘赛男,马如江.纳米凝胶用于固定化酶的研究进展[J].离子交换与吸附,2026,42(02):104-120.DOI:10.16026/j.cnki.iea.2026020104.
基金信息:
天津市科技计划项目（项目号23JCYBJC01780）
2026-04-20
2026-04-20