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尖晶石LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)具有电压平台高(4.7 V)、可逆比容量高(约140 mAh·g-1)、热稳定性好、成本低、环境友好等优点，是未来最有应用前景的高电压正极材料之一。与传统正极材料氧化锂钴(LiCoO2)和磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)相比，LNMO可以提供分别比其高20%和30%的能量密度。然而，不同的微纳结构和组成展现出的电化学性能差异巨大，且由于电解液中有机碳酸酯溶剂的氧化和六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)的分解，LNMO基锂离子电池在高温和含水环境下的循环稳定性和热稳定性较差。因此，有必要系统全面地总结LNMO正极的结构特点、制备方法、材料和电解液改性进展。文章首先详细讨论了LNMO正极的结构以及电子传输特性，然后着重介绍了近年来在提高LNMO基电池循环稳定性和倍率性能方面的新进展，特别是高温下的倍率性能和循环稳定性提升策略，包括材料合成、材料改性(元素掺杂、表面包覆和形貌调控等)、电解液设计3个方面，最后对LNMO正极材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。
Abstract：Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO) has the advantages of high voltage plateau(4.7 V), high reversible capacity(～140 mAh·g-1), good thermal stability, low cost, environmental friendliness and high energy density,making it one of the most promising high-voltage cathode materials for future applications. Compared with the traditional cathode materials LiCoO2 and LiFePO4, respectively, LNMO can provide energy density 20% and 30% higher than them. However, different micro-and nanostructures and compositions exhibit vastly different electrochemical properties, and the cycling and thermal stability of LNMO-based lithium-ion batteries are poor at high temperatures and in aqueous environments due to the oxidation of organic carbonate solvents and decomposition of LiPF6. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically and comprehensively summarize the structural features, preparation methods, materials and electrolyte modification progress of LNMO cathodes. This paper firstly discusses the structure as well as the electron transport property of LNMO anode in detail. On this basis, new advances in recent years in improving the cycling stability and multiplicity performance of LNMObased batteries, especially the multiplicity performance and cycling stability enhancement strategies at high temperature, are highlighted, including three aspects: material synthesis, material modification(elemental doping,surface coating and morphology control, etc.), and electrolyte design. Finally, the future research and development of LNMO cathodes are prospected.
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引用本文：王瑞涵,刘蓓蓓,卢勇,严振华,陈军.高倍率LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料的制备和改性研究进展[J].离子交换与吸附,2024,40(3):210-226.Citation:WANG Rui-han,LIU Bei-bei,LU Yong,YAN Zhen-hua,CHEN Jun.The Preparation and Modification of LiNi0.5MN1.5O4 Cathode Materials with High Rate Capacity Performance[J].Ion Exchange and Adsorption,2024,40(3):210-226.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16026/j.cnki.iea.2024030210
中图分类号:TM912
引用信息:
[1]王瑞涵,刘蓓蓓,卢勇,等.高倍率LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4正极材料的制备和改性研究进展[J].离子交换与吸附,2024,40(03):210-226.DOI:10.16026/j.cnki.iea.2024030210.
基金信息:
国家自然基金(基金号22121005,22020102002,21835004,52101226)
2024-06-20
2024-06-20