离子交换与吸附

为解决反渗透膜界面劣化与性能衰减的难题，文章创新性设计了基于巯基-环氧点击反应的PETMEG水凝胶插入层，通过界面工程策略实现了聚酰胺分离层结构调控与界面稳定性的协同优化。以四丁基氟化铵(TBAF)为催化剂，在基膜表面采用季戊四醇四巯基乙酸酯(PETMA)与乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDGE)构建亲水交联网络插入层，进而实现对间苯二胺(MPD)扩散速率的精准调控。实验结果表明：当PETMA浓度为0.015 mol/L时，所制备的TFC-1膜展现出最优的综合性能，聚酰胺层厚度降至183 nm，表面粗糙度(Ra=587 nm)较对照组降低30.7%，纯水通量达28.85 L/(m2·h)(较对照组提升6.9%), NaCl截留率>98%。机理研究证实，该插入层可通过氢键锚定效应增强界面结合强度：TFC-1膜在1.8 N摩擦载荷下截留保持率仍达84.6%，且经168 h高压运行后通量衰减率<9%。文章建立的表面拓扑-界面键合-本征韧性多参数设计模型，为开发设计高性能海水淡化膜提供了理论参考。

To address the challenges of interface deterioration and performance decline of reverse osmosis membranes, this article innovatively designed a PETMEG hydrogel interlayer based on the thiol-epoxy click reaction. Through an interface engineering strategy, it achieved the coordinated optimization of the polyamide separation layer structure and interface stability. Using tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride as a catalyst, a hydrophilic cross-linked network interlayer was constructed on the base membrane surface with pentaerythritol tetramercaptosuccinic acid(PETMA) and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(EGDGE), thereby precisely regulating the diffusion rate of m-phenylenediamine(MPD). Experimental results showed that when the PETMA concentration was 0.015 mol/L, the prepared TFC-1 membrane exhibited the best overall performance: the thickness of the polyamide layer was reduced to 183 nm, the surface roughness(Ra=587 nm) was decreased by 30.7% compared to the control group, the pure water flux reached 28.85 L/(m2·h)(an increase of 6.9% compared to the control group), and the NaCl rejection rate was over 98%. Mechanism studies confirmed that this interlayer could enhance the interface bonding strength through hydrogen bond anchoring effects: the TFC-1 membrane maintained a retention rate of 84.6% under a friction load of 1.8 N, and the flux decline rate was less than 9% after 168 hours of high-pressure operation. The multi-parameter design model of surface topology, interface bonding, and intrinsic toughness established in this article provides a theoretical reference for the development and design of high-performance seawater desalination membranes.